Referencing
Referencing
There are two useful strategies for including references in your writing:
- reporting words/phrases
- linking words/phrases.
Check Course Guides for the correct referencing system to use in your course.
Examples of reporting words/phrases
| Suggest(s) (that) | Maintain(s) (that) | Argue(s) (that) | Found (that) |
| According (to) | Promote(s) | Outline(s) | Establish(ed) (by) |
| Focus(es) on | Asserts (that) | Define(s) | Show(s) |
| Conclude(s) (that) | Claim(s) (that) | State(s) | Report(s) |
| Mention(s) | Address(es |
Linking words
Linking words enable the writer to show the connections between ideas. In the next example notice how the use of linking words emphasises the writer’s analysis of their research.
Examples of linking words
| Firstly | Furthermore | In addition | However |
| Incontrast | Consequently |
See Linking words for full list.
Example of integrating references
Self efficacy is a belief that personally significant activities can be performed successfully. Conversely, individuals who lack self efficacy tend to believe that they will be incapable of carrying out a certain task. Self efficacy can be affected by a variety of factors. According to Matthews, Deary and Whiteman (2003) these include positive or negative previous experiences in the activity, social persuasion which encompasses motivating or dispiriting statements from peers or physical and arousal states in certain situations. However, McAdams (2006, p. 83) stresses the importance that vicarious experiences play in that ‘Witnessing other people’s successes and failures provides one with a basis of comparison which to estimate one’s own personal competence in similar situations’. For example, this can occur when an employee does not apply for a senior position as they feel inferior to their peers. Thus, if an individual believes that they have the ability to successfully carry out certain tasks, generally they will be able to do so.
[topic sentence]Self efficacy is a belief that personally significant activities can be performed successfully.[end topic sentence] [linking word]Conversely,[end linking word] individuals who lack self efficacy tend to believe that they will be incapable of carrying out a certain task. Self efficacy can be affected by a variety of factors. [reporting word]According to[end reporting word] Matthews, Deary and Whiteman (2003) these include positive or negative previous experiences in the activity, social persuasion which encompasses motivating or dispiriting statements from peers or physical and arousal states in certain situations. [linking word]However[end linking word], McAdams (2006, p.83) [reporting word]stresses[end reporting word] the importance that vicarious experiences play in that ‘Witnessing other people’s successes and failures provides one with a basis of comparison which to estimate one’s own personal competence in similar situations’. [linking word]For example[end linking word], this can occur when an employee does not apply for a senior position as they feel inferior to their peers. [linking word]Thus[end linking word], if an individual believes that they have the ability to successfully carry out certain tasks, generally they will be able to do so.
See our Integrating references tutorial for more assistance.
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